Analysis of the vaccination status of enterovirus type 71 inactivated vaccine in China from 2017 to 2021 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the vaccination status of enterovirus type 71 (EV71) inactivated vaccines in China from 2017 to 2021 and provide evidence for making policy on immunization strategy against hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods: Using the reported dose number of EV71 vaccination and birth cohort population data collected by the China immunizaiton program information system to estimate the cumulative coverage of EV71 vaccine by the end of 2021 among the birth cohorts since 2012 at national, provincial, and prefecture levels, and analyze the correlation between the vaccination coverage and the potential influencing factors. Results: As of 2021, the estimated cumulative vaccination coverage of the EV71 vaccine was 24.96% in birth cohorts since 2012. The cumulative vaccination coverage was between 3.09% and 56.59% in different provinces, between 0 and 88.17% in different prefectures. There was a statistically significant correlation between vaccination coverage in different regions and the region's previous HFMD prevalence and disposable income per capita. Conclusions: Since 2017, the EV71 vaccines have been widely used nationwide, but the coverage of EV71 vaccination varies greatly among regions. Vaccination coverage is higher in relatively developed regions, and the intensity of previous epidemic of HFMD may have a certain impact on the acceptance of the vaccine and the pattern of immunization service. The impact of EV71 vaccination on the epidemic of HFMD requires further studies.

Clinical research progress and implications of therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions: a qualitative systematic review / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To systematically summarize and analyze the clinical research progress of therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer or precancerous lesions. Methods: English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Proquest, and ClinicalTrails.gov) and Chinese databases (SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP Database) were systematically searched to collect literature on therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer or precancerous lesions from inception to February 18, 2021. After screening, we evaluated the risk of bias of included studies, and combed the basic information of the literature, research designs, information of vaccines, study patients, outcome indicators and so on, qualitatively summarized the clinical research progress. Results: A total of 71 studies were included in this systematic review, including 14 random controlled trials, 15 quasi-random controlled trials, 4 cohort studies, 1 case-control study, 34 case series studies and 3 case reports. The study patients included women aged 15~79 with cervical cancer or precancerous lesions in 18 countries from 1989 to 2021. On the one hand, there were 40 studies on therapeutic vaccines for cervical precancerous lesions (22 867 participants), involving 21 kinds of vaccines in 6 categories. Results showed 3 marketed vaccines (Cervarix, Gardasil, Gardasil 9) as adjuvant immunotherapies were significant effective in preventing the recurrence of precancerous lesions compared with the conization only. In addition, MVA E2 vaccine had been in phase Ⅲ clinical trials as a specific therapeutic vaccine, with relative literature showing it could eliminate most high-grade precancerous lesions. Therapeutic vaccines for precancerous lesions all showed good safety. On the other hand, there were 31 studies on therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer (781 participants), involving 19 kinds of vaccines in 7categories, with none had been marketed. 25 studies were with no control group, showing the vaccines could effectively eliminate solid tumors, prevent recurrence, and prolong the median survival time. However, the vaccines effectiveness couldn't be statistically calculated due to the lack of a control group. As for the safety of therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer, 9 studies showed that patients experienced serious adverse events after treatments, where 7 studies reported that serious adverse events occurred in patients couldn't be ruled out as the results of therapeutic vaccines. Conclusions: The literature review shows that the literature evidence for the therapeutic vaccines for cervical precancerous lesions is relatively mature compared with the therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer. The four kinds of vaccines on the market are all therapeutic vaccines for precancerous lesions, but they are generally used as vaginal infection treatments or adjuvant immunotherapies for cervical precancerous lesions, not used for the specific treatments of cervical precancerous lesions. Other specific therapeutic vaccines are in the early stage of clinical trials, mainly phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trials with small sample size. The effectiveness and safety data are limited, and further research is still needed.

Artificial intelligence-based literature data warehouse for vaccine safety / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To establish a sustainable updated literature data warehouse for global vaccine safety assessment, and provide data support for evidence-based vaccine safety assessment. Methods: Semi-automated construction and updating of a literature data warehouse were achieved through the continuous integration of standard operating steps of evidence-based reviews with artificial intelligence technologies. Following the standard procedure of a systematic literature review, the literatures about vaccine safety assessment published before November 29, 2020 were retrieved from 9 databases including OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrails.org in English and Wanfang, CNKI, VIP, and SinoMed in Chinese. Literatures were screened for two rounds in a semi-automatic manner (by artificial intelligence literature processing system and manual work) according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Furthermore, the literatures were classified according to the types of vaccines and adverse events. The updating strategy was established, and the literature data warehouse was updated regularly. Experts were organized to select specific vaccine safety topics and carry out special demonstration studies. Results: More than 0.41 million articles were retrieved. According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 23 304 articles were included after two rounds of screening. At present, we have selected and completed three prior topics as demonstration studies, including the systematic review of "DPT (diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus) vaccine and encephalopathy/encephalitis", and the classified management of literatures about allergic purpura and brachial plexus neuritis. Conclusions: The sustainable updated literature data warehouse of vaccine safety can provide high-quality research data for vaccine safety research, including evidence support for immunization related policy-making and adjustment and vaccine safety-related methodological research or clinical tool development; and further demonstration studies can provide references for building a new methodological framework system for timely and efficient completion of the evidence-based assessment of vaccine safety.

Research progress on the abnormal brain structure and function of patients with strabismus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Strabismus is a common type of eye movement disorders, which is characterized by ocular misalignment and binocular visual dysfunction. Alignment relies on the normal structure and function of the visual and oculomotor systems. Any abnormalities of these regions may lead to strabismus. With the application of neurophysiological techniques and radioautography in the early years, the impairment of primary visual cortex was found, including decreased number of binocular neurons and metabolic changes of ocular dominant column. In recent years, the progress of functional magnetic resonance imaging has promoted to find more functional changes in human strabismic brains, especially in extrastriate cortex. In addition to the structural impairment of cerebral cortex and intercortical connections, functional remodeling of cerebral cortex was also observed in patients with strabismus. Besides, studies based on voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging provided more precise anatomical evidence for human brain abnormalities. To provide reference for further studies, we review the current literature on functional and morphological deficits within brain regions in strabismus.

Effect of prophylactic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion after R0 resection. A case-control study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is thought to prevent recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its efficacy is a matter of controversy. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of preventive TACE on the tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) classification in cases of stage II HCC (T2N0M0) after R0 resection. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-control study conducted in a tertiary-level public hospital. METHODS: We analyzed recurrence rates and mortality rates over time for 250 consecutive cases of HCC in TNM classification cases of stage II HCC (T2N0M0) after R0 resection. These cases were divided into patients who underwent TACE (TACE+) and presented microvascular invasion (MVI+; n = 80); TACE+ but did not present MVI (MIV−; n = 100); MVI+ but did not undergo TACE (TACE−, n = 30); and TACE−/MVI− (n = 40). RESULTS: MVI+ patients in the TACE+ group had significantly lower recurrence rates and mortality rates at one, two and three years than those in the TACE- group (all P < 0.05). Among MVI- patients, the TACE+ group did not have significantly lower recurrence rates and mortality rates at one, two and three years than the TACE- group (all P > 0.05). Regardless of whether TACE was performed or not, MVI− patients had significantly lower recurrence rates and mortality rates at two and three years after their procedures than did MVI+ patients (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Recurrence rates and mortality rates for MVI+ patients were significantly higher than for MVI− patients, beyond the first year after TACE. Postoperative adjuvant TACE may be beneficial for HCC patients with MVI.

Evaluation of Reference Genes for Quantitative PCR in Four Tissues from Rabbits with Hypercholesterolaemia

Abstract Rabbit with hypercholesterolaemia is an important model for studying cholesterol metabolism disease. This study aimed to evaluate the expression stability of nine reference genes for quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis in adrenal gland, liver, spleen, and kidney tissue from rabbits with hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 30 male Harbin Large White (HLW) rabbits were fed a normal feed (n = 15) or a high cholesterol feed (n = 15) for 8 weeks to induce hypercholesterolaemia. Nine reference genes were verified by qPCR using cDNA extracted from rabbit tissue samples. For qPCR analysis, reference genes were evaluated using the RefFinder and GeNorm algorithms. Overall, seven rabbits with hypercholesterolaemia were identified based on body weight and total cholesterol measurements. Combining the results of the RefFinder and GeNorm algorithms, the most stable reference genes were hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (Hprt1) and eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (Eef1a1) in the adrenal gland, β-2-microglobulin (B2m) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh) in the liver, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta (Ywhaz) and Gapdh in the spleen, and peptidylprolyl isomerase (Ppia), β-actin (Actb), succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A flavoprotein (Sdha), and B2m in the kidney. Taken together, our results confirmed that Hprt1 and Eef1a1, B2m and Gapdh, Ywhaz and Gapdh, and Ppia, Actb, Sdha, and B2m were the best reference genes for qPCR analyses in adrenal gland, liver, spleen, and kidney tissue, respectively, of rabbits with hypercholesterolaemia.

Expression and clinical significance of hsa-miRNA-200c in patients with liver metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expressions of hsa-miRNA-200 c and its relationship with metastasis of EOC.METHODS: The expression of hsa-miRNA-200 c was detected by Stem-loop Real-time Quantitative PCR(TaqMan probe method)in 73 cases of EOC,30 cases of benign ovarian epithelial tumors and 30 cases of normal ovarian tissues,which were collected in gynecological operations from Guangdong General Hospital from October 2010 to May 2011.Meantime,the clinical pathologic features data were analyzed.The assessment of the correlation between hsa-miRNA-200 c and clinicopathological features,and the hierarchical analysis of hsa-miRNA-200 c level in 73 cases of ovarian epithelial cancer was further undertaken(Among 73 cases,13 patients suffered liver metastasis and 60 patients had non-liver metastasis).Overexpression or knockdown of hsa-miRNA-200 c,ovarian cancer cell invasion and migration abilitywas detected.RESULTS: The expression of miRNA-200 c in the EOC tissues was 382.18±15.22,which was significantly higher than that in the benign ovarian epithelial tumors(35.61 ± 1.42)and normal ovarian tissues(4.43 ±2.23)(P0.05).The expressions of miRNA-200 c were low in EOC with late clin-ical FIGO stage(670.91±16.88 vs. 129.52±33.3,P0.05).The transwell cabinet invasion experiment showed the expression of miRNA-200 c was negatively correlated with the invasion capability of ovarian cancer cells.CONCLUSION: MiRNA-200 c is likely to play a double regulation role in the development of EOC,whose low-expression has been associated with late EOC,lymph node metastasis,liver metastasis,and poor prognosis.

Rapid Identification of Calamina Based on Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and PCA-SVM Algorithm / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To establish a near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) identification model for crude products,counterfeit products and processed products of Calamina by principal component analysis(PCA) and support vector machine(SVM) algorithm. Method: NIRS of crude products,counterfeit products and processed products of Calamina were collected,the characteristic spectrum segments were selected,the preprocessing method and the optimum principal component number were optimized,and the PCA-SVM qualitative model was established. Result: The characteristic spectrum segment of analysis model was 7 500-4 000 cm-1.Spectra were preprocessed by the first-order derivative method(FD).The optimum principal component number was 5. And the optimum internal parameters of SVM[penalty factor(c)=0.25 and kernel function parameter(g)=8] were screened by applying the grid search algorithm.In the PCA-SVM qualitative model,the prediction accuracy rate was 100%for the 5-fold cross validation,and the prediction accuracy rates also were 100%both for training set and test set. Conclusion: PCA-SVM analysis model of NIRS for Calamina samples has a high prediction accuracy rate,and it can be used for the rapid and nondestructive identification of crude products,counterfeit products and processed products of Calamina by combining the diffuse reflection technique on solid powder.

Comparison of two radiofrequency ablation devices for atrial fibrillation concomitant with a rheumatic valve procedure / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Perioperative and median-term follow-up outcomes have not been compared among procedures using radiofrequency ablation devices for permanent atrial fibrillation with concomitant rheumatic valve disease. We compared the sinus rhythm restoration efficacy of "non-irrigation" ablation forceps and an "irrigation" ablation device in patients with rheumatic valve disease undergoing a modified Cox maze radiofrequency ablation procedure due to permanent atrial fibrillation.@*Methods@#Data of 278 patients with rheumatic valve disease from the Cardiac Surgery Department of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital who underwent the modified Cox maze radiofrequency ablation procedure between May 2013 and May 2017 were reviewed. The procedure was performed using "non-irrigation" ablation forceps (AtriCure, group A) in 149 patients and an "irrigation" ablation device (Medtronic, group M) in 129 patients. Data were collected prospectively, and follow-up was documented and compared between the groups.@*Results@#The radiofrequency procedure duration was 28.9 ± 3.8 min in group A and 29.5 ± 2.8 min in group M (t = 1.623, P = 0.106). The predicted radiofrequency time to the left atrium diameter was (Ya = 0.4964 X + 0.3762, R2 = 0.74) in group A and (Ym = 0.4331 X + 4.3563, R2 = 0.8435) in group M. The sinus rhythm (SR) conversion rate without use of anti-arrhythmic drugs was similarly good in groups A and M, with 75.2%, 72.5%, and 70.5% vs. 73.6%, 71.3%, and 69.8% at discharge, 6 and 12 months, respectively (F = 0.084, F = 0.046, F = 0.046, P > 0.05, respectively).@*Conclusion@#Two types of radiofrequency ablation devices characteristic of "non-irrigation" and "irrigation" bipolar ablation forceps were similarly efficient at SR restoration.

Study on surveillance data of adverse events following immunization of seasonal influenza vaccine in China during 2015-2018 influenza season / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the occurrence features of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines (InfV) used in China, 2015-2018 influenza season.@*Methods@#InfV (including concurrent administered with other vaccines) AEFI data were collected through the Chinese national AEFI information system during 2015.9.1-2018.8.31 (excluding Chinese Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan data). The vaccine lot release data were collected from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control published database. Time periods of three influenza season were 2015.9.1-2016.8.31, 2016.9.1-2017.8.31, 2017.9.1-2018.8.31. The vaccines used and included in this analysis were trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3)-Split, IIV3-Split (Children) and IIV-subnit. The incidence of AEFI were calculated (per 100 000 release doses), and epidemiological characteristic were analyzed using descriptive methodology.@*Results@#A total of 8 464 InfV AEFIs were collected in 2015-2018 influenza season from National AEFI Information System, in which 5 646 were IIV3-split, with the rate of 10.64/100 000 release doses, 2 818 were IIV3-split (Children), with the rate of 9.355/100 000 release doses. The most common symptom was fever (axillary temperature ≥37.1 ℃) within vaccine reactions, with a number of 6 207 cases. In which, there were 3 554 cases with fever (axillary temperature ≥38.6 ℃) and the estimated reporting rate was 4.274/100 000 release doses. In all rare vaccine reactions, the most common diagnosis was anaphylactic rash(442, 0.531/100 000 release doses) and angioedema (70, 0.084/100 000 release doses). Even the rates of serious rare vaccine reactions were low, febrile Convulsion (27, 0.032/100 000 release doses) and Henoch-Schönlein Purpura(HSP) (21, 0.025/100 000 release doses) were relatively common in serious rare vaccine reactions during the study period.@*Conclusion@#The estimated rate of rare vaccine reactions related toInfV was relatively low. In all vaccine reactions, fever was the most common symptoms. The most common diagnosis of non-serious rare vaccine reaction were anaphylactic rash and angioedema. The incidence of serious rare vaccine reactions was low.

Comparison of two radiofrequency ablation devices for atrial fibrillation concomitant with a rheumatic valve procedure / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Perioperative and median-term follow-up outcomes have not been compared among procedures using radiofrequency ablation devices for permanent atrial fibrillation with concomitant rheumatic valve disease. We compared the sinus rhythm restoration efficacy of "non-irrigation" ablation forceps and an "irrigation" ablation device in patients with rheumatic valve disease undergoing a modified Cox maze radiofrequency ablation procedure due to permanent atrial fibrillation.@*METHODS@#Data of 278 patients with rheumatic valve disease from the Cardiac Surgery Department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital who underwent the modified Cox maze radiofrequency ablation procedure between May 2013 and May 2017 were reviewed. The procedure was performed using "non-irrigation" ablation forceps (AtriCure, group A) in 149 patients and an "irrigation" ablation device (Medtronic, group M) in 129 patients. Data were collected prospectively, and follow-up was documented and compared between the groups.@*RESULTS@#The radiofrequency procedure duration was 28.9 ± 3.8 min in group A and 29.5 ± 2.8 min in group M (t = 1.623, P = 0.106). The predicted radiofrequency time to the left atrium diameter was (Ya = 0.4964 X + 0.3762, R = 0.74) in group A and (Ym = 0.4331 X + 4.3563, R = 0.8435) in group M. The sinus rhythm (SR) conversion rate without use of anti-arrhythmic drugs was similarly good in groups A and M, with 75.2%, 72.5%, and 70.5% vs. 73.6%, 71.3%, and 69.8% at discharge, 6 and 12 months, respectively (F = 0.084, F = 0.046, F = 0.046, P > 0.05, respectively).@*CONCLUSION@#Two types of radiofrequency ablation devices characteristic of "non-irrigation" and "irrigation" bipolar ablation forceps were similarly efficient at SR restoration.

Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in surveillance sites of Jingzhou City, 2017 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To grasp the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Jingzhou City in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for formulating prevention strategies. Methods According to the requirements of National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2014), Hubei Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2015) and Jingzhou Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program, the local population infection monitoring, mobile population infection monitoring, livestock disease monitoring, snail monitoring, and wild manure monitoring were carried out at 71 monitoring sites throughout the city. Results Among the 71 surveillance sites, 44 118 local residents received the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for schistosomiasis and 1 925 persons were positive, with the positive rate of 4.36%, However, no stool examination positive cases were found. Totally 2 175 mobile people received the IHA for schistosomiasis and 93 persons were positive, with the positive rate of 4.28%, but no stool examination positive cases were found. A total of 1 937 head of cattle received the stool examination for schistosome infection, but no positives were found. Totally 1 302 Oncomelania hupensis habitats were found in 69 surveillance sites, with 1 923.64 hm2 area with snails. Totally 348 756 frames were surveyed, and the occurrence rate of snails was 17.19%. A total of 142 494 living snails were captured, with the average density of 0.41 snail/0.1 m2. No schistosome-infected snails were found. Totally 596 cases of wild manure were picked up in 41 environments with snails among 23 surveillance sites, but schistosome infested wild manure was not found. Conclusions In 2017, the level of schistosomiasis epidemic was very low in Jingzhou City. However, the risk of epidemic rebound still exists, and therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring work to further consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.

Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in surveillance sites of Jingzhou City, 2017 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To grasp the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Jingzhou City in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for formulating prevention strategies. Methods According to the requirements of National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2014), Hubei Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2015) and Jingzhou Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program, the local population infection monitoring, mobile population infection monitoring, livestock disease monitoring, snail monitoring, and wild manure monitoring were carried out at 71 monitoring sites throughout the city. Results Among the 71 surveillance sites, 44 118 local residents received the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for schistosomiasis and 1 925 persons were positive, with the positive rate of 4.36%, However, no stool examination positive cases were found. Totally 2 175 mobile people received the IHA for schistosomiasis and 93 persons were positive, with the positive rate of 4.28%, but no stool examination positive cases were found. A total of 1 937 head of cattle received the stool examination for schistosome infection, but no positives were found. Totally 1 302 Oncomelania hupensis habitats were found in 69 surveillance sites, with 1 923.64 hm2 area with snails. Totally 348 756 frames were surveyed, and the occurrence rate of snails was 17.19%. A total of 142 494 living snails were captured, with the average density of 0.41 snail/0.1 m2. No schistosome-infected snails were found. Totally 596 cases of wild manure were picked up in 41 environments with snails among 23 surveillance sites, but schistosome infested wild manure was not found. Conclusions In 2017, the level of schistosomiasis epidemic was very low in Jingzhou City. However, the risk of epidemic rebound still exists, and therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring work to further consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.

Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal mitochondrial proteome expression in SAMP8 mouse model with Alzheimer disease / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture on the expression of mitochondrial proteome in hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone g (SAMPg) mice models with Alzheimer disease (AD),and to explore the possible protective mechanism of acupuncture on mitochondria.Methods:Sixty 6-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into an acupuncture at acupoint group,an acupuncture at non-acupoint group and a model group,20 mice in each group.The 20 male senescence-accelerated mouse/resistance 1 (SAMR1) mice of the same age were used as a normal control group.Shenshu (BL 23),Baihui (GV 20),Xuehai (SP 10) and Geshu (BL 17) were selected for acupuncture intervention in acupuncture at acupoint group.After an 8-week intervention,mitochondrial tissues were extracted from the hippocampus.Differentially expressed proteins were identified by subcellular organelle proteomics.Western blot was used to verify the expressions of some related proteins in hippocampal mitochondria.Results:Compared with the model group,there were 13 differentially expressed protein spots in the acupuncture at acupoint group,of which,9 were up-regulated,including neurofilament light polypeptide (NFL),actin (cytoplasmic 1,database ID:ACTB),tubulin beta-2A chain (TBB2A),tropomodulin-2 (TMOD2),pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta (PDHE1-β),NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit (database ID:NDUS1),heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC71),pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (PDHE1-α) and ATP synthase beta subunit (ATP-β);4 were down-regulated,including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 (PDP1),mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit alpha (MMP-α) and adenosine kinase (ADK).According to the information provided in the protein database,most of the differentially expressed proteins involve the regulation of mitochondrial function and structure.The expression levels of NFL and TBB2A in the normal control group and the acupuncture at acupoint group were significantly higher than those in the acupuncture at non-acupoint group (P＜0.05).ATP-β and NDUS1 expression levels were significantly higher in the acupuncture at acupoint group than those in the acupuncture at non-acupoint group (P＜0.05);there was no significant difference between the acupuncture at non-acupoint group and the model group (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture may achieve the potential therapeutic effect on AD by regulating the structure and functional proteins of hippocampal mitochondria.

Effects of Bushen Huoxue Acupuncture Method on Proteomics Expression in Amygdaloid Tissue of SAMP8 / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Bushen Huoxue acupuncture method on amygdaloid protein expression in SAMP8; To explore the potential target protein for acupuncture treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods Thirty six-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into acupuncture group and control group, 15 mice in each group. Acupuncture group selected Baihui (GV20), Shenshu (BL23), Geshu (BL17) and Xuehai (SP10) to intervene. The control group was given the same time to catch and stimulate. After 8 weeks, the amygdala was extracted and the differential expression protein spots were identified by proteomic techniques. Results Compared with control group, acupuncture group eventually identified 9 differential expression protein spots, of which 6 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated. According to the relevant information provided in the protein database, the main function of differential expression proteins involved in the mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and production of Aβ. Conclusion Bushen Huoxue acupuncture method can regulate multiple protein expressions in amygdala, suggesting that it may be through improving mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress, reducing production of Aβ to realize the potential therapeutic effects on AD.

Study on formation and changes of Dao-di herbs production origin of Gastrodia elata / 中国中药杂志

Gastrodia elata has been used in China for more than 2 000 years and it is a kind of valuable traditional Chinese medicine. The originrecords of G. elata were Mount Tai of Shandong and and Mount Song of Henan, which began in Wupu Bencao of Wei Jin Dynasties, and Tai'an and its surrounding areas had been the Do-di herbs production areas. But from the beginning of the Republic of China, G. elata origin has undergone major changes, Do-di herbs production areas moved westward to the southwest.In this paper,through literature research and field visits, we studied the formation and changes of Do-di herbs production areas of G. elata. The cultivation history and current main producing area of G. elata was also introduced. On this basis, we profoundly summarized the reasons of Do-di herbs production areas formation and changes from the nature, society, transportation, humanities and germplasm resources.Combining the ancient herbal medicine and the characteristics of modern producing areas, the planting strength of G. elata could be strengthened in the hope of providing reference for the quality evaluation and cultivation of G. elata.

Effect of Acupuncture on Hippocampal Flotillin-1, NEP and Aβ42 Expressions in SAMP8 Mice / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture on behaviors and its mechanism of action in a SAMP8 mouse model of Alzheimer disease.Methods Sixty 6-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomized to acupuncture,model and non--acupoint groups.Twenty male SAMP 1 mice of the same age constituted a normal control group.The acupuncture group received intervention by acupuncture at Shenshu,Baihui,Xuehai and Geshu.After eight weeks,a behavioral test was performed using the Morris water maze in every group of mice.The expressions of Flotillin-1,NEP and Aβ42 in mouse hippocampus were determined by western blot.Results The Morris water maze test showed that as compared with the model group,escape latency shortened significantly (P＜0.05) and the time spent in the former platform quadrant and the number of former platform position crossings increased (P＜0.05) in the acupuncture group of mice;escape latency,the time spent in the former platform quadrant and the number of former platform position crossings had no significant differences in the non-meridian-acupoint group of mice (all P＞0.05).As compared with the model group,Flotillin-1 expression decreased significantly in the acupuncture group (P＜0.05) but had no significant difference in the non-meridian-acupoint group (P＞0.05);NEP expression increased significantly in the acupuncture group (P＜0.05) but had no significant difference in the non-meridian-acupoint group (P＞0.05);Aβ42 expression decreased significantly in the acupuncture group (P＜ 0.05) but had no significant difference in the non-meridian-acupoint group (P＞0.05).Conclusions Acupuncture can markedly improve learning and memory abilities in a SAMP8 mouse model of AD and reduce Flotillin-1 content and upregulate NEP expression in SAMP8 mouse hippocampus to decrease Aβ42 expression,relieve neurotoxicity and produce a neuroprotective effect.

Induction and analysis for NIR features of frequently-used mineral traditional Chinese medicines / 中国中药杂志

In order to provide theoretical basis for the rapid identification of mineral traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) with near infrared (NIR)diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Characteristic NIR spectra of 51 kinds of mineral TCMs were generalized and compared on the basis of the previous research, and the characteristic spectral bands were determined and analyzed by referring to mineralogical and geological literatures. It turned out that the NIR features of mineral TCMs were mainly at 8 000-4 000 cm ⁻¹ wavebands, which can be assigned as the absorption of water, -OH and[CO3 ²⁻] and so on. Absorption peaks of water has regularity as follows, the structure water and -OH had a combined peak which was strong and keen-edged around 7 000 cm ⁻¹, the crystal water had two strong peak around 7 000 cm ⁻¹ and 5 100 cm ⁻¹, and water only has a broad peak around 5 100 cm ⁻¹. Due to the differences in the crystal form and the contents of water in mineral TCMs, NIR features of water in mineral TCMs which could be used for identification were different. Mineral TCMs containing sulfate are rich in crystal water, mineral TCMs containing silicate generally had structure water, and mineral TCMs containing carbonate merely had a little of water, so it was reasonable for the use of NIR spectroscopy to classify mineral TCMs with anionic type. In addition, because of the differences in cationic type, impurities, crystal form and crystallinity, mineral TCMs have exclusive NIR features at 4 600-4 000 cm ⁻¹, which can be assigned as Al-OH, Mg-OH, Fe-OH, Si-OH,[CO3 ²⁻] and so on. Calcined mineral TCMs are often associated with water and main composition changes, also changes of the NIR features, which could be used for the monitoring of the processing, and to provide references for the quality control of mineral TCMs. The adaptability and limitation of NIR analysis for mineral TCMs were also discussed:the majority of mineral TCMs had noteworthy NIR features which could be used for the NIR analysis. And the NIR features of a few mineral TCMs were inapparent, such as Fluoritum, Realgar and Cinnabar, for which the Raman spectroscopy can be adopted alternatively.

Vaccination safety and media publicity strategy / 中华流行病学杂志

Due to the over negative report of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) by media,some people began to question the safety of vaccination.Date published since 2005 were collected by literature retrieval,mainly including relative AEFI date,current status of media report of AEFI,public awareness about AEFI.Public concern about the vaccination safety mainly focused on the serious diseases which might be caused,influence on immune system.Media' s over negative reactions to AEFI and lack of related knowledge in general public have led to the public' s concern about vaccination safety.Vaccination is the most economical and effective measure for the prevention of diseases and AEFI incidence rate is very low.Therefore,it is necessary for media to give more positive report about vaccination safety.

Study on identification of traditional Chinese medicine Yangqishi and Yinqishi by X-ray diffraction / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper is to clarify the mineral origin of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Yangqishi and Yinqishi and guide identification of the both, by X-ray diffraction (XRD) Fourier patterns. Morphological identification and conventional physical and chemical analysis wee used to identify 22 batches of Yangqishi and Yinqishi. It used XRD Fourier patterns which has been collected from sample powders to analyze phase composition. It has been found experimentally that the mineral origin of Yinqishi is Talc schist and the mineral origin of Yangqishi is tremolite and actinolite. The results also showed that the method using XRD can get not only an accurate but also rapid identification of Yangqishi and Yinqishi. There are many differences in medicinal properties, efficacy, indications and composition of Yangqishi and Yinqishi, so be careful not to mix them up.